Republic Day Quiz

 

24 January Facts

*UTTAR PRADESH DAY

**On 24 January 1950, India's Constituent Assembly adopts the Indian national anthem from a song written and composed by the Nobel Prize winner, Rabindranath Tagore.

**On 24 January 1950,the new Constitution of India, declaring the Dominion of India a Republic, was approved and signed by the 284 members of India's Constituent Assembly.

*** 1950- Jana Gana Mana was declared as National Anthem of India.

****24 January

 National Girl Child Day

On 24 January every year, National Girl Child Day is celebrated to highlight the inequalities faced by a majority of the girls in India, the importance of education, nutrition, legal rights, medical care and safety of girl children,

National Girl Child Day is an initiative of the Ministry of Women and Child Development. National Girl Child Day is celebrated every year in India on 24 January. The day is celebrated to raise awareness about the rights of a girl child and to promote the importance of their education, health, and nutrition.

Know these Famous Personalities

 Quiz Time 

 

Note- Random Quiz. It is associated with various fields and genres. It will definitely add on to your daily general knowledge about famous personalities and their work areas/professions/talents.

Deshprem Divas

 Desh prem Divas

Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Jayanti

 

January quiz

 

INDIAN ARMY FACTS

                                 INDIAN ARMY FACTS

 1. India controls the highest battlefield in the world. The Siachen Glacier , at 5000 metres above mean sea level.

2. India has the biggest 'voluntary' army in the world.

3. Indian Soldiers are considered among the very best in high altitude and mountain warfare.

4. India covertly tested its nuclear arsenal in the early 1970's and late 1990's without the CIA even knowing what was happening.

5. Unlike other Government organisations and institutions in India, there are no provisions for reservations based on caste or religion.

6. In the Battle of Longewala fought in December 1971 between India and Pakistan, on which the famous Bollywood movie, ' Border' is based, there were only two casualities on the Indian Side.

7. Operation Rahat (2013) was one of the biggest civilian rescue operations ever carried in the world. It was done to evacuate the affected by the  floods in Uttrakhand in 2013.

8. The Indian Army has a horsed cavalry regiment.It is among one of the last 3 such regiments in the world.

9. The Indian Army built the highest bridge in the world.The Bailey Bridge in the Ladakh Valley  between Dras and Suru rivers in the Himalayan Mountains. It was built in August 1982.

10. The Military Engineering Services(MES) is one of the biggest construction agencies in India.

INDIAN ARMY DAY

 Indian Army Day 

15th January

Motto - Service before Self 

Army Chief- General Manoj Mukund Naravane

 

Crest of the Indian Army

 Army Day is celebrated on 15 January every year in India, in recognition of Field Marshal Kodandera M. Cariappa's (then a Lieutenant General) taking over as the first Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army from General Fransis Bucher , the last British Commander-in-Chief of India, on 15 January 1949.

( Field Marshall K M Cariappa was fondly known as ' Kipper'. He is the only Indan to hold the highest rank of Field Marshal, along with Sam Manekshaw)

The day is celebrated in the form of parades and other military shows in the national capital New Delhi as well as in all headquarters.

Army Day marks a day to salute the valiant soldiers who sacrificed their lives to protect the country and its citizens. 

While celebrations take place across the country, the main Army Day parade is conducted in Cariappa Parade ground in Delhi cantonment. Gallantry awards and Sena medals are also awarded on this day. In 2020, 15 soldiers were presented with bravery awards. Param Vir Chakra and Ashok Chakra awardees participate in the Army Day parade every year.

Military hardware, numerous contingents and a combat display are part of the parade.

The primary mission of the Indian Army is to ensure national security and national unity, to defend the nation from external aggression and internal threats, and to maintain peace and security within its borders. It conducts humanitarian rescue operations during natural calamities and other disturbances. 

The Indian Army is operationally and geographically divided into seven commands, with the basic field formation being a division.

The army is an all-volunteer force and comprises more than 80% of the country's active defence personnel. It is the largest standing army in the world, with 1,237,117 active troops and 960,000 reserve troops.

MAKAR SANKRANTI

                    MAKAR SANKRANTI

Makar Sankranti or Uttarayan or Maghi or simply Sankranti is considered as the transition day of Sun into the Capricorn. Now the sun moves northwards in the Hindu calendar, dedicated to the deity Surya (sun), many native festivals are organised all over India. 

Due to the addition of one day in leap years, the date of Makar Sankranti may vary a bit. On leap years it falls on 15 January, otherwise on 14 January.

The festivities associated with Makar Sankranti are known by various names Magh Bihu in Assam, Maghi in Punjab, Maghi Saaji in Himachal Pradesh, Maghi Sangrand or Uttarain (Uttarayana) in Jammu, Sakraat in Haryana, Sukarat in central India, Pongal in Tamil Nadu, Uttarayan in Gujarat, and Uttar Pradesh, Ghughuti in Uttarakhand, Dahi Chura in Bihar, Makara Sankranti in Odisha, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Goa, West Bengal (also called Poush Sankranti), Uttar Pradesh (also called Khichidi Sankranti), Uttarakhand (called as 'Uttrayni') or as Sankranthi in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana,^[5][6] Maghe Sankranti (Nepal), Songkran (Thailand), Thingyan (Myanmar), Mohan Songkran (Cambodia), and Shishur Saenkraath (Kashmir).

On Makar Sankranti, the Sun god is worshipped along with Lord Vishnu and goddess Lakshmi throughout India.

Makar Sankranti is observed with social festivities such as colourful decorations, rural children going house to house, singing and asking for treats in some areas,^[8] melas (fairs), dances, kite flying, bonfires and feasts.

Every twelve years, the Hindus observe Makar Sankranti with Kumbha Mela – one of the world's largest mass pilgrimage, with an estimated 40 to 100 million people attending the event.

This festival is dedicated to the Hindu religious sun god Surya.This significance of Surya is traceable to the Vedic texts, particularly the Gayatri Mantra, a sacred hymn of Hinduism found in its scripture named the Rigveda.

Bathing in a river in the early hours on Maghi is important. Hindus light lamps with sesame oil as this is supposed to give prosperity and drive away all sins. A major mela is held at Sri Muktsar Sahib on Maghi which commemorates a historical event in Sikh history.

Culturally, people dance their famous "bhangra". They then sit down and eat the sumptuous food that is specially prepared for the occasion. It is traditional to eat "kheer", rice cooked in milk and sugarcane juice. It is also traditional to consume khichdi and jaggery.

Holy Dip By Devotees in river Ganga on occasion of Makar Sankranti

Lohri Festival

                  

                                      LOHRI

        Mid winter festival, Celebration of Winter Solstice.

LOHRI Gurumukhi is a popular winter folk festival celebrated primarily in the Indian Subcontinent on January 13th. The significance and legends about the Lohri festival are many and these link the festival to the Punjab Region. It is believed by many that the festival marks the passing of the winter solstice.

 Lohri marks the end of winter, and is traditional welcome of longer days and the sun,its journey to the northern hemisphere by Hindus and Sikhs in the northern region of the Indian subcontinent. It is observed the night before Makar Sankranti, also known as Maghi.

On this day, traditionally, bonfires are lit in the yards after the weeks of Rabi Season work,socialized around the fire, sang and danced together as they marked the end of winter and the onset of longer days.The bonfires at night, distribution of sweets, groundnuts, and jaggery mark the celebrations of the day.

A popular folklore links Lohri to the tale of Dulla Bhatti Jatt. The central theme of many Lohri Songs is the legend of Dulla Bhatti jat who lived in Punjab during the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar. he was regarded as a hero in Punjab, for rescuing Hindu Girls from being forcibly taken to be sold in slave market of the Middle East. Among those , he saved were two girls Sundari and Mundari, who gradually became a theme of Punjabi folklore.

Lohri marks the beginning of the harvest season and sunny days.

So on this occasion,

Let the enlightening Bonfire illuminate all the darkness and sorrows of your life and refill it with the warmth of love, care and happiness.

 

 

Swami Vivekananda

                                                  SWAMI VIVEKANANDA

Swami Vivekananda’s original name was Narendranath Dutta. He was born to Vushwanath Dutta and Bhubaneshwari Devi. He was born on 12th January, 1863 at Kolkata. Swamiji’s Jayanti i.e. birth anniversary is celebrated as the ‘International Youth Day’).

 Swami Vivekananda was admitted to the school founded by Mr. Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar in 1870. While in school he focused both on studies as well as body building. He had great respect for his mother tongue.

He met his guru Shri Ramkrishna Paramhansa. He noticed that Narendra was inspired by religious feelings to such an extent that he was contemplating renunciation in his childhood itself. 

Narendra met Shri Ramkrishna at his neighbor Surendranath’s house itself. Initially for some days Shri Ramkrishna did not allow Narendranath to leave his side even for a moment. He made Narendra sit next to him and gave him much advice & counsel. This turned out to be a turning point in the life of Swami Vivekananda.

Swami Vivekananda along with Taraknath, another disciple of Ramkrishna, established the Ramkrishna Mission.He also founded the Vedanta Society of New York in 1894.

Swami Vivekananda represented India in a world conference was held in Chicago for all religions in the year of 1893. Swami Vivekananda started his speech saying,' Sisters and Brothers of America'. He gave a message of spiritual unity to the world in this conference. He also emphasized on India and Hinduism in his speech. 

 

                         सावित्रीबाई फुले

                                                   (3 जनवरी 1831 – 10 मार्च 1897)  

       सावित्रीबाई ज्योतिराव फुले  भारत की प्रथम महिला शिक्षिका, समाज सुधारिका एवं मराठी कवियत्री थीं।

सावित्रीबाई फुले को मराठी की आदिकवियत्री के रूप में भी जाना जाता था. सावित्रीबाई ने 19वीं सदी में छुआ-छूत, सतीप्रथा, बाल-विवाह और विधवा विवाह निषेध जैसी कुरीतियों के विरुद्ध अपने पति के साथ मिलकर काम किया।

उन्होंने अपने पति ज्योतिराव गोविंदराव फुले के साथ मिलकर स्त्री अधिकारों एवं शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में उल्लेखनीय कार्य किए। उन्हें आधुनिक मराठी काव्य का अग्रदूत माना जाता है। 1852 में उन्होंने बालिकाओं के लिए एक विद्यालय की स्थापना की।

सावित्रीबाई फुले भारत के पहले बालिका विद्यालय की पहली प्रिंसिपल और पहले किसान स्कूल की संस्थापक थीं। महात्मा ज्योतिराव को महाराष्ट्र और भारत में सामाजिक सुधार आंदोलन में एक सबसे महत्त्वपूर्ण व्यक्ति के रूप में माना जाता है। उनको महिलाओं और दलित जातियों को शिक्षित करने के प्रयासों के लिए जाना जाता है। ज्योतिराव, जो बाद में ज्योतिबा के नाम से जाने गए सावित्रीबाई के संरक्षक, गुरु और समर्थक थे। सावित्रीबाई ने अपने जीवन को एक मिशन की तरह से जीया जिसका उद्देश्य था विधवा विवाह करवाना, छुआछूत मिटाना, महिलाओं की मुक्ति और दलित महिलाओं को शिक्षित बनाना। 

3 जनवरी 1848 में पुणे में अपने पति के साथ मिलकर विभिन्न जातियों की नौ छात्राओं के साथ उन्होंने महिलाओं के लिए एक विद्यालय की स्थापना की। एक वर्ष में सावित्रीबाई और महात्मा फुले पाँच नये विद्यालय खोलने में सफल हुए। तत्कालीन सरकार ने इन्हे सम्मानित भी किया। एक महिला प्रिंसिपल के लिये सन् 1848 में बालिका विद्यालय चलाना कितना मुश्किल रहा होगा, इसकी कल्पना शायद आज भी नहीं की जा सकती। लड़कियों की शिक्षा पर उस समय सामाजिक पाबंदी थी। सावित्रीबाई फुले उस दौर में न सिर्फ खुद पढ़ीं, बल्कि दूसरी लड़कियों के पढ़ने का भी बंदोबस्त किया।

 

Srinivasa Ramanujan: India’s Mathematical Guru

 Self-taught Indian mathematician Srinivasa Ramanujan changed the face of mathematics with his contributions to the field. His discoveries like number fractions, analysis, and theory gave a new outlook to mathematicians around the world. His number theory not only changed the field of mathematics but also lead to many discoveries in physics, making his work a ground-breaking path for many future theories and logic. We bring to you the life of the famous genius.

          Things you need to know about Srinivasa Ramanujan

• Srinivasa Ramanujan was born into a family of Brahmins on 22 December 1887 in Erode, Tamil Nadu. His father was an accountant and his mother worked as a singer in the temple. Ramanujan endured extreme poverty and difficulties as a child but this didn’t stop his thirst for mathematics. His ever hard-working spirit saw him school himself at home from a very young age.
• Ramanujan went to the Kumbakonam Town High School where with access to books in mathematics he started educating himself. By the age of 12, he had discovered his own method of solving quadratic equations which were a sign of the great things to come from his fantastic mind.
• L. Loney’s book on trigonometry was mastered by him at the age of 13 and at 14 the child prodigy started receiving various academic awards and merit certificates.
• Ramanujan was offered a scholarship to study at the Government Arts College, but he was too interested in Maths to focus on any other. Hence, he ended up losing his scholarship.
• Despite extreme ill-health, Ramanujan didn’t give up his pursuit of more success. He finally found success in 1913 when he contacted English mathematician GH Hardy at the University of Cambridge in England.
• Astonished by Ramanujan’s mindboggling works, Mr. Hardy called him to Cambridge. Ramanujan became the first Indian to be elected as a Fellow Of Trinity College, Cambridge.
• In 1916, Ramanujan was awarded the B.A. Degree by the research of the Cambridge University
• Ramanujan went on to do a plethora of work from thereon. The scope of his work was such that he is known to have compiled 3900 identities and equations all on his known. He is famous for discovering the Landau-Ramanujan constant and Ramanujan’s master theorem.
• Ramanujan had even calculated the length of the earth’s equator.
• Ramanujan’s immense contribution to the field was honored with the number 1729 being called Hardy-Ramanujan. Biographical films in Tamil along with a Hollywood movie have been released on his amazing life.
• The Ramanujan Museum in 1992 was started in the Avvai Kalai Kazhagam in Royapuram.