Friday, July 30, 2021

Shaheed Udham Singh

 Full name - Udham Singh Kamboj

Called Shaheed Udham Singh

The man who single-handedly avenged Jallianwala Bagh massacre

(26 December 1899 – 31 July 1940)

Born in Sunaam, Punjab, British India

Indian revolutionary belonging to the Ghadar Party

He is also referred to as Shaheed-i-Azam Sardar Udham Singh (the expression "Shaheed-i-Azam", means "the great martyr"). 

Best known for his assassination in London of Michael O'Dwyer, the former lieutenant governor of the Punjab in India, on 13 March 1940. The assassination was done in revenge for the Jallianwala Bagh massacre in Amritsar in 1919, for which O'Dwyer was responsible.

Singh was subsequently tried and convicted of murder and hanged in July 1940. 

A district (Udham Singh Nagar) of Uttarakhand was named after him to pay homage in October 1995 by the Mayawati government.

    • A museum dedicated to Udham Singh is located in Amritsar, near Jallianwala Bagh.
    • The official name of his ancestral town Sunam, is changed to 'Sunam Udham Singh Wala'.
    • Singh's weapon, a knife, his diary, and a bullet from the shooting are kept in the Black Museum of Scotland Yard.
    • Singh has been the subject of a number of films: JallianWala Bagh (1977), Shaheed Uddham Singh (1977), and Shaheed Uddham Singh (2000).
    • The day of his death is a public holiday in Punjab and Haryana.
    • A 10 ft tall statue of him was installed by International Sarv Kamboj Samaj at the main entrance of Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar on 13 March 2018. The statue was unveiled by Union Home Minister Rajnath Singh .
    • Udham Singh was deeply influenced by Bhagat Singh . 


Open this to know more about Udham Singh

Read Harry Potter Series Online

 Click on this and read the Harry Potter Series


                       Sequence of books 

1. Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (1997)



2. Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (1998)



3.Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (1999)



4. Harry Potter and the  Goblet of Fire (2000)



5. Harry Potter and the  Order of the Phoenix (2003)



6.Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2005)



7Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (2007)



Harry Potter and the Cursed Child -It is a 2016 British two part play written by Jack Thorne based on an original story by J K Rowling. 

Promotional poster of the Play


'ALCHEMIST' Book Summary in Hindi

          

Alchemist- पुस्तक का सार हिन्दी में सुनें 

                'ALCHEMIST' - Book Summary



ये पुस्तक एक उपन्यास है और यह उपन्यास भेड़े चढ़ाने वाले एक लड़के के बारे में है जिन्होंने खजाना ढूंढा बिना अपना दिमाग लगाए । अंत में उसको पता होता है की वो जहाँ रहता था वही उसका खजाना था, और उसको कैसे उनके खजाना का पता चलता है, इसी के ऊपर पूरा उपन्यास लिखा गया है।

ऊपर दिए नीले रंग के लिंक पर जा कर आप इस प्रसिध्द उपन्यास का सार सुन सकते हैं। 

हिन्दी साहित्य की प्रमुख रचनाएँ

         हिन्दी साहित्य की प्रमुख रचनाएँ 

   •) प्रेमचंद द्वारा रचित  निर्मला       


 दहेज प्रथा और अनमेल विवाह को आधार बना कर इस उपन्यास का लेखन हुआ। महिला-केन्द्रित साहित्य के इतिहास में इस उपन्यास का विशेष स्थान है। इस उपन्यास की कथा का केन्द्र और मुख्य पात्र 'निर्मला' नाम की १५ वर्षीय सुन्दर और सुशील लड़की है। निर्मला का विवाह एक अधेड़ उम्र के व्यक्ति से कर दिया जाता है। जिसके पूर्व पत्नी से तीन बेटे हैं। निर्मला का चरित्र निर्मल है, परन्तु फिर भी समाज में उसे अनादर एवं अवहेलना का शिकार होना पड़ता है। उसकी पति परायणता काम नहीं आती। उस पर सन्देह किया जाता है, उसे परिस्थितियाँ उसे दोषी बना देती है। इस प्रकार निर्मला विपरीत परिस्थितियों से जूझती हुई मृत्यु को प्राप्त करती है।

निर्मला में अनमेल विवाह और दहेज प्रथा की दुखान्त व मार्मिक कहानी है। उपन्यास का लक्ष्य अनमेल-विवाह तथा दहेज़ प्रथा के बुरे प्रभाव को अंकित करता है। निर्मला के माध्यम से भारत की मध्यवर्गीय युवतियों की दयनीय हालत का चित्रण हुआ है। उपन्यास के अन्त में निर्मला की मृत्यृ इस कुत्सित सामाजिक प्रथा को मिटा डालने के लिए एक भारी चुनौती है। प्रेमचन्द ने भालचन्द और मोटेराम शास्त्री के प्रसंग द्वारा उपन्यास में हास्य की सृष्टि की है। 

   •) हरिवंश राय बच्चन द्वारा रचित मधु शाला

               


मधुशाला हिंदी के बहुत प्रसिद्ध कवि और लेखक हरिवंश राय बच्चन (1907-2003) का अनुपम काव्य है। इसमें एक सौ पैंतीस रूबाइयां (यानी चार पंक्तियों वाली कविताएं) हैं। मधुशाला बीसवीं सदी की शुरुआत के हिन्दी साहित्य की अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण रचना है, जिसमें सूफीवाद का दर्शन होता है।

      •) महादेवी वर्मा द्वारा रचित यामा

यामा एक कविता-संग्रह है जिसकी रचायिता महादेवी वर्मा हैं। इसमें उनके चार कविता संग्रह नीहारनीरजारश्मि और सांध्यगीत संकलित किए गए हैं। 

इस कृति को सन् 1982 में हिंदी साहित्य का सर्वोच्च पुरस्कार ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार प्राप्त हुआ है।
यामा पुस्तक के कुछ भाग

     •)भीष्म साहनी द्वारा रचित तमस


कथावस्तु 'तमस' की कथा परिधि में अप्रैल १९४७ के समय में पंजाब के जिले को परिवेश के रूप में लिया गया है। 'तमस' कुल पांच दिनों की कहानी को लेकर बुना गया उपन्यास है। परंतु कथा में जो प्रसंग संदर्भ और निष्कर्ष उभरते हैं, उससे यह पांच दिवस की कथा न होकर बीसवीं सदी के हिंदुस्तान के अब तक के लगभग सौ वर्षों की कथा हो जाती है। 

 •) जय शंकर प्रसाद द्वारा रचित  कामायनी                    


 कामायनी' जयशंकर प्रसाद कृत ऐसा महाकाव्य है जो सदैव मानव जीवन के लिए एक प्रेरणा बन कर रहेगा। ... जिसमें प्रसाद जी ने अपने समय के सामाजिक परिवेश‚ जीवन मूल्यों‚ सामयिकता का विश्लेषित सम्मिश्रण कर इसे एक अमर ग्रन्थ बना दिया। यही कारण है कि इसके पात्र - मनु‚ श्रद्धा और इड़ा - मानव‚ प्रेम व बुद्धि के प्रतीक हैं।

•) फनीशवरनाथ  रेणु द्वारा रचित मैला आंचल


मैला आँचल का कथानायक एक युवा डॉक्टर है जो अपनी शिक्षा पूरी करने के बाद एक पिछड़े गाँव को अपने कार्य-क्षेत्र के रूप में चुनता है, तथा इसी क्रम में ग्रामीण जीवन के पिछड़ेपन, दु:ख-दैन्य, अभाव, अज्ञान, अंधविश्वास के साथ-साथ तरह-तरह के सामाजिक शोषण-चक्र में फँसी हुई जनता की पीड़ाओं और संघर्षों से भी उसका साक्षात्कार होता है ...

  •) रामधारी सिंह दिनकर  द्वारा रचित  रश्मिरथी                



रश्मिरथी, हिन्दी के महान कवि रामधारी सिंह दिनकर द्वारा रचित प्रसिद्ध खण्डकाव्य है। यह १९५२ में प्रकाशित हुआ था। इसमें कुल ७ सर्ग हैं, जिसमे कर्ण के चरित्र के सभी पक्षों का सजीव चित्रण किया गया है। ... युद्ध में भी मनुष्य के ऊँचे गुणों की पहचान के प्रति ललक का काव्य है 'रश्मिरथी'। 

   •) धर्मवीर भारती द्वारा रचित गुनाहों का देवता
         

गुनाहों का देवता हिंदी उपन्यासकार धर्मवीर भारती के शुरुआती दौर के और सर्वाधिक पढ़े जाने वाले उपन्यासों में से एक है। यह सबसे पहले १९५९ में प्रकाशित हुई थी। इसमें प्रेम के अव्यक्त और अलौकिक रूप का अन्यतम चित्रण है। सजिल्द और अजिल्द को मिलाकर इस उपन्यास के एक सौ से ज्यादा संस्करण छप चुके हैं।



Tuesday, July 27, 2021

Tokyo Olympics 2020

               Tokyo Olympics 2020

The Olympic rings outside the stadium as fireworks go off during the opening ceremony of the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games 

Q: What are the colours of the five rings on the Olympic flag?
A: Red, Black, Green, Blue, and Yellow.

Q: What sports are new to the Olympics this year?
A: Skateboarding, surfing, karate, and sport climbing

Q. How many gold medals are up for grabs in Tokyo 2020?
A: 339

Q: How many medals did Great Britain win in Rio 2016?
A: 27

Q: What do the five rings on the Olympics flag represent?
A: The five continents – Africa, Asia, The Americas, Europe, and Oceania

Q: Which country has won the most Olympic medals?
A: USA (2,523 – and counting!)

Q- In which of the Olympic Games did the torch relay start for the first time?

A: Berlin Games, 1936

Q: Which gold medal-winning swimmer was also famous for portraying Tarzan in a series of films?
A: Johnny Weissmuller

Q: Who is the youngest-ever recorded athlete to participate in the Olympics and how old were they?
A: Dimitrios Loundras, a 10-year-old gymnast who participated in Athens in 1896

Q: Which American athlete holds the record of winning the most Olympics medals?
A: Michael Phelps

Q: Who is the most decorated female Olympian ever?
A: Allyson Felix with nine medals. 

Q: Which sport is making a comeback this year after being pulled from the 2012 and 2016 Olympic Games?
A: Baseball

Q: 12-year-old, Hend Zaza is set to be the youngest Olympic athlete to compete in Tokyo, but in which sport?
A: Table Tennis

Q-Who is Britain’s youngest Olympian at this year’s Games?

A: 13-year-old Sky Brown, skateboarding

Q-Which was the first Olympic game where all the participating countries sent female athletes?

A: London 2012

Q: When was the summer Olympics last held in Japan?
A: 1964

Q: In which year did Rebecca Adlington win two swimming gold medals for Great Britain?
A- 2008

Q: Where will the 2024 Olympics be held?
A: Paris

LORD OF FLIES

 Text of the Book

                         LORD OF FLIES

              Written by WILLIAM GOLDING



Publisher: Faber and Faber

Genre: Allegory, Social Commentary

First Publication: 1954

Language: English

Setting Place: Deserted Tropical Island

Protagonist: Ralph

Major Characters: Ralph, Piggy, Jack, Simon, Samneric, Roger

Narration: Third person Omniscient

Theme: Evil, Outlets for violence, Human nature, Loss of innocence, Savagery Vs Civilization. 

Lord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British author William Golding. The book focuses on a group of British boys stranded on an uninhabited island and their disastrous attempt to govern themselves. 

 It is not only a tale of boys surviving after their plane crashed on a deserted island; it is an allegorical novel about the conflicts between savagery and civilization.

The significant symbolism which is rather easy to comprehend, made it one of the most popular and admired books in history. Lord of the Flies by William Golding presents a memorable and haunting account of believable characters portrayed so subtly and accurately.


Type- ALLEGORICAL NOVEL (Allegorical means containing a moral or hidden meaning. Allegorical stories and plays use concrete ideas as symbols for deeper or layered meanings. Folk tales and fables are often allegorical.) 

The central concern of Lord of the Flies is the conflict between two competing impulses that exist within all human beings: the instinct to live by rules, act peacefully, follow moral commands, and value the good of the group against the instinct to gratify one's immediate desires, act violently to obtain supremacy .

The Lord of the Flies is a masterpiece for so many reasons.It is a book upon which Golding has put much effort; it is a quick and very intense read; it is perfectly structured and beautifully narrated; its freshness is everlasting.

You will love the action-packed provocative tale of survival in Lord of the Flies by William Golding but also learn three very important characteristics of human nature. First: Human’s desire for social and political order through governments, legislatures and parliaments, depicted by the conch and platform. Second: Human’s natural tendency towards violence, savagery and every nation’s need for military and defense, depicted by the choir-boys-turned-hunters-turned-murderers. And third, our beliefs in the divine interventions and supernatural powers, depicted by the sacrifices and ceremonial dances to appease the “beast”.

Those who didn’t have the opportunity to read it before must not put it on hold any longer.

Friday, July 23, 2021

WINGS OF FIRE

 



Online reading of wings of fire.

WINGS OF FIRE

Dr. A P J ABDUL KALAM

Type of book- Autobiography, Inspirational Fiction. 

A good book is a garden, an orchard, a storehouse, a counselor,” he wrote.

The book wings of fire is the autobiography of Apj Abdul kalam. this is one of the best book. Big inspiration for students.It teaches us how can we achieve success and most important how to manage failure this is one of the best book for student .

Wings of Fire” is an account of a young boy who tries to achieve his dreams beating all odds. The story emphasizes the importance of family, relatives and friends in helping achieve each other's goals and turning dreams to reality.

The book is a memoir which has been written very honestly by Kalam. He describes his journey — from his childhood to becoming the missile man of India — as it happened. One can feel the emotions, as he takes you through the highs and lows of his story. Such a pure book, could only be written by a man with a pure heart.

Born in a middle-class Tamil family, raised by loving parents, Kalam takes you through his peaceful childhood days in the holy town of Rameshwaram. His father was a very religious and spiritual person, and so was the atmosphere of Rameshwaram. These qualities are imbibed in Kalam and are evident on almost every page of this book. But his love for the pursuit of science, is least affected, if not strengthened by his love for spirituality.

Kalam then takes you through his school and college life, the different teachers and Professors who shaped him. Followed by his first job interviews and job experiences. He describes each of his projects in great details. And as he describes them, the humility in his nature is reflected. He not only remembers which team-mates were working on which parts of the projects, but also their personal difficulties and achievements. More often than not you will find him crediting all the success to his team members and his mentors.

This book is not only about the achievements of his projects — Nandi, SLV, Prithvi, Agni, etc., but also about the failures in the same. He does not sugarcoat his failures, and describes his raw emotions as he felt them. For Kalam his work was larger than life. It can be seen from the poem which he wrote after the successful launch of Agni.

What I found most inspiring in the Wings of Fire is that President Kalam used to write his own thank you cards.

Towards the end of the book Kalam gives a great message to the youth. Given the scene of lazy bureaucracy in India, it is easy for one to lose all hopes and blame it all on the system. But Kalam leads us with an example in this case.

“I hope it [his journey] will help at least a few young people stand up to the authoritarianism in our society. A characteristic feature of this social authoritarianism is its insidious ability to addict people to the endless pursuit of external rewards, wealth, prestige, position, promotion, approval of one’s lifestyle by others, ceremonial honours, and status symbols of all kinds.
To successfully pursue these goals, they have to learn elaborate rules of etiquette and familiarize themselves with customs, traditions, protocols and so on. The youth of today must unlearn this self-defeating way of life. The culture of working only for material possessions and rewards must be discarded.”

I would like to end this review with a beautiful poem written by Kalam,

I am a well in this great land
Looking at its millions of boys and girls
To draw from me
The inexhaustible divinity
And spread His grace everywhere
As does the water drawn from a well.

The book has something to offer for everyone. Hope you will like reading it.